It’s
apparently an accident that the atmosphere here on Earth is comprised of 21%
oxygen. That exact figure is an anthropic constant that makes life on earth
possible. If oxygen were 25 percent fires would erupt spontaneously; if it
were 15 percent, human beings would suffocate.
It’s
apparently an accident that the Earth’s atmosphere is at the transparency
it is. If it were less transparent, not enough solar radiation would reach
the earth’s surface and life would die; if it were more transparent, we
would be bombarded with far too much solar radiation and life would die.
It’s
apparently an accident that the size relationship of the Earth and moon and
their distance from each other creates just the right amount of
gravitational pull between the two. If the moon was larger, or closer, the
interaction would be greater than it currently is and tidal effects on the
oceans, atmosphere and rotational period would be too severe. If the
gravitational effects were less, orbital changes would cause climatic
instabilities. In either event, life on Earth would be nearly impossible.
It’s
apparently an accident that our atmosphere constantly regulates itself to
always contain the right amount of Carbon Dioxide. If the CO2 level was
higher than it is now, we’d all burn up; if the level were lower, plants
would not be able to maintain efficient photosynthesis to create new oxygen
and we’d all suffocate and/or starve to death because there would be no
food to eat.
It’s
apparently an accident that the force of gravity is the strength it is. If
the gravitational force were decreased by a fraction of a percent, it would
be incapable of squeezing and heating the matter in the hearts of stars to
the many millions of degrees necessary to trigger the nuclear reactions that
generate sunlight and ultimately convert hydrogen into carbon, iron, oxygen
and all other elements necessary for life. If it were increased a fraction
of a percent, stars would burn hotter and faster and burn out more quickly,
thus not being around long enough for life to develop on their planets.
Either way, if gravity was off by a fraction of a percent, life as we know
it would not have had the ability to develop.
The
level of the strong nuclear force in an atom is apparently an accident. The
Strong force is responsible for “gluing” together the atomic nuclei. If
it were just a few percent stronger, stars would burn their entire supply of
hydrogen in less than one second and consequently explode. If the Strong
force were a few percent weaker than it is, it would be too feeble to hold
together deuterium, an essential step in the generation of starlight and the
first stepping stone in the building of atoms heavier than hydrogen inside
stars. Therefore, if the Strong force were just a little stronger or weaker
than it is, the universe would lack the heavy atoms that are essential for
life. But of course, the atheists say this is merely an accident.
It’s
also an apparent accident that the weak nuclear force in an atom is as fined
tuned as it is. The Weak force governs the interaction of neutrinos with
matter. If the Weak force was a little stronger than it is, the neutrinos
would interact so much with matter that they would be stopped dead in a star’s
core. With no neutrinos left to drive away the outer layers, the explosion
of a supernova would stall well before it could rip apart the star and seed
space with the essential elements of life. If the Weak force was weaker than
it currently is the neutrinos would interact so little with matter that they
would escape into space without interacting much at all with the material of
the star. Once again, there would be nothing to blow away the star’s outer
layers and create a supernova and no essential elements of life such as
iron, calcium or iodine—all manufactured inside stars - would be blown
into space.
The
level of entropy (disorder) in the universe is also apparently an accident.
If too much greater, the early universe would have been too hot to form
galaxies and thus stars would not exist today; on the other hand, if the
specific entropy were smaller that its value today, almost all the hydrogen
would have been made into helium in the big bang. Stars could then exist,
but stars made out of helium are not very luminous and would not support
plant life and we’d all starve. If the specific entropy varied from its
value today, the universe would be extremely different and probably hostile
to the evolution of life.
It’s
also apparently an accident that electrons obey the exclusion principle. If
they didn’t, and the electron orbits were slightly different than they
are, then oxygen and carbon would not be able to combine to support human
life and all other elements would find their electrons clustering into the
first shell, unable to interact efficiently with most other elements. Thus,
life would not have been able to arise.
The
delicate balance of the metabolic activity of a living cell is also
apparently a chance accident. If ATP is not regulated properly, and thus the
subsequent products GDP AMP and ADP then metabolism fails. When the
regulation of metabolism fails, the result is illness or death.
The
highly complex 30+ step cascade process that creates a blood clot in mammals
is also apparently an irreducibly complex accident. If any of the chemicals
are released too soon or in too great an amount, the mammal’s blood would
solidify throughout the body; or it would never clot and the mammal would
bleed to death. Either way, death would result unless everything in the
clotting process worked flawlessly. (The clotting process is also one that
could not have developed by a sequence of small steps gradually improving
upon the original design as evolution dictates. With blood clotting, all the
chemicals and pathways had to be there at the beginning or the blood
clotting mechanism would never work, but the atheist says the 30+ step
cascade process just appeared on the scene fully functioning as just another
random accident that allows life to exist).
The
highly specified chemicals adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine form a DNA
sequence billions of characters long that contain the entire blueprint of a
living organism. DNA can not replicate by itself without cellular mechanics
to metabolize the process. Cellular mechanics cannot exist by themselves
without a DNA strand with highly specific instructions encoded within it to
tell the cell how to function so it can replicate the DNA. The atheist
simply says all these chemicals and mechanics formed together in a
pre-biotic soup by accident without one shred of evidence to support their
claim. Instead, they latch onto it with the religious fervor on par with the
most devout Christian’s belief in God.
The
centrifugal force of planetary movements being precisely balanced is also an
apparent accident. If it were slightly more or less powerful, nothing could
be held in orbit around the sun and life would never have arisen.
The
rate of the universe’s expansion is also an apparent accident. If it had
expanded at a rate of one millionth more slowly than it did, expansion would
have stopped, and the universe would have collapsed on itself before any
stars had been formed; if it had expanded faster, then no galaxies would
have formed.
The
speed of light is also an apparent accident. Even a slight variation in
light’s speed would alter the other constants in the universe and preclude
the possibility of life on earth.
The
water vapor levels in the atmosphere are an apparent accident. If levels
were greater than they are now, a runaway greenhouse effect would cause
temperatures to rise too high for human life; if they were less, an
insufficient greenhouse effect would make the earth too cold to support
human life.
The
fact that Jupiter is in its current orbit and has the mass it does is also
apparently an accident. If it were not in its current orbit, earth would be
bombarded with space material such as asteroids and comets. Jupiter’s
gravitational field acts as a cosmic vacuum cleaner, attracting asteroids
and comets that would otherwise strike earth.
The
thickness of the earth’s crust is also apparently an accident. If the
thickness of the crust was much greater, too much oxygen would be
transferred to the crust to allow the atmosphere to support human life; if
it were thinner, volcanic and tectonic activity would make human life
impossible.
The
rotation rate of the earth is also an apparent accident. If it took longer
than 24 hours, temperature differences would be too great between night and
day; if it were shorter, atmospheric wind velocities would be too great.
The
tilt of the earth’s axis is also an apparent accident. If the tilt were
altered slightly, surface temperatures would be too extreme to support
advanced life.
The
discharge rate of electricity (lightening) in the atmosphere is also
apparently an accident. If it were greater, there would be too much fire
destruction; if it were less, there would be too little nitrogen fixing in
the soil and plants would die—thus we would starve.
The
rate of seismic activity is also an apparent accident. If more seismic
activity much more life would be lost; if less, nutrients on the ocean
floors and in river runoff would not be cycled back to the continents
through tectonic uplift. Thus, plants would die and we would starve.
The
electromagnetic force constant is also an apparent accident. If larger or
smaller, there would be insufficient chemical bonding.
The
ratio of electromagnetic force constant to gravitational force constant is
also an apparent accident. If it was larger, no stars less than 1.4 solar
masses, hence short stellar life spans and uneven stellar luminosities; if
smaller, no stars more than 0.9 solar masses, hence no heavy element
production.
The
ratio of electron to proton mass is also an accident. If larger or smaller,
there would be insufficient chemical bonding.
The
ratio of numbers of protons to electrons is also an apparent accident. If
larger or smaller, electromagnetism would dominate gravity, preventing
galaxy, star and planet formation.
The
mass density of the universe is also an apparent accident. If larger, there
would be too much deuterium from the big bang, hence too few heavy,
life-supporting elements forming; if smaller, there would be insufficient
helium from the big bang, hence too few heavy, life-supporting elements
forming.
The
current age of the universe is also an apparent accident. If it was older,
no solar-type stars in a stable burning phase in the right part of the
galaxy to support life; if younger, solar-type stars in a stable burning
phase would not yet have been formed.
The
initial uniformity of radiation also seems to be an accident. If smoother,
stars, star clusters and galaxies would not have formed; if coarser, the
universe by now would be mostly black holes and empty space; either way, no
life would have developed.
The
fine structure constant (a number used to describe the fine structure
splitting of spectral lines) is also an apparent accident. If larger, DNA
would be unable to function; no stars more than 0.7 solar masses would be in
existence; if smaller, DNA would be unable to function, no stars less than
1.8 solar masses.
The
average distance between galaxies also seems to be an accident. If larger,
insufficient gas would be infused into our galaxy to sustain star formation
over an adequate time span; if smaller, the sun’s orbit would be too
radically disturbed.
The
average distance between stars also seems to be an accident. If larger,
heavy element density too thin for rocky planets to form; if smaller,
planetary orbits would become destabilized.
The
decay rate of a proton seems to be an accident. If greater, life would be
exterminated by the release of radiation; if smaller, there would be
insufficient matter in the universe for life.
The
12Carbon to 16Oxygen ratio seems to also be an accident. If larger, there
would be insufficient oxygen; if smaller, there would be insufficient
carbon. Either way, advanced life would not exist.
The
ground level state of 4Helium is also an apparent accident. If
larger or smaller, there would be insufficient carbon and oxygen for life to
exist.
The
decay rate of 8Beryllium is also an apparent accident. If slower, heavy
element fusion would generate catastrophic explosions in all the stars; if
faster, no element production beyond beryllium and, hence, no life chemistry
possible.
The
mass excess of neutron over proton is also an apparent accident. If greater,
neutron decay would leave too few neutrons to form the heavy elements
essential to life; if smaller, proton decay would cause all stars to
collapse rapidly into neutron stars or black holes.
The
initial excess of nucleons over anti-nucleons also seems to be an accident.
If greater, too much radiation for planets to form; if smaller, not enough
matter for galaxies or stars to form.
The
polarity of the water molecule also seems to be an accident. if greater,
heat of fusion and vaporization would be too great for life to exist; if
smaller, heat of fusion and vaporization would be too small for life’s
existence, liquid water would become too inferior a solvent for life
chemistry to proceed; ice would not float, leading to a runaway freeze-up.
The
rate of supernova explosions is also an apparent accident. If too close,
radiation would exterminate life on the planet; if too far, not enough heavy
element ashes for the formation of rocky planets; if too frequent, life on
the planet would be exterminated; if too infrequent, not enough heavy
element ashes for the formation of rocky planets.
The
rate of white dwarf binaries in existence also seems to be a complete
accident. If too few, there would be insufficient fluorine produced for life
chemistry to proceed; if too many, there would be disruption of planetary
orbits from stellar density, life on the planet would be exterminated; if
too soon, not enough heavy elements made for efficient fluorine production;
if too late, fluorine made too late for incorporation into proto-planet.
The
rate of exotic matter to ordinary matter is also an apparent accident. If
smaller, galaxies would not form; if larger, the universe would collapse
before solar type stars could form.
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